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太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)一般(ban)指太(tai)陽(yang)光的(de)(de)輻(fu)射能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。在太(tai)陽(yang)內部進行的(de)(de)由“氫”聚(ju)變成“氦”的(de)(de)原子核(he)反(fan)(fan)應，不停地(di)釋放出巨大(da)的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，并不斷向宇宙空間(jian)(jian)輻(fu)射能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，這(zhe)種能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)就是太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)。太(tai)陽(yang)內部的(de)(de)這(zhe)種核(he)聚(ju)變反(fan)(fan)應，可(ke)以維持幾十億至上(shang)百(bai)億年(nian)的(de)(de)時間(jian)(jian)。太(tai)陽(yang)向宇宙空間(jian)(jian)發射的(de)(de)輻(fu)射功(gong)率(lv)為380000000000000000000000kW的(de)(de)輻(fu)射值，其中20億分之一到達地(di)球(qiu)大(da)氣(qi)(qi)層(ceng)。到達地(di)球(qiu)大(da)氣(qi)(qi)層(ceng)的(de)(de)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，30%被(bei)(bei)大(da)氣(qi)(qi)層(ceng)反(fan)(fan)射，23%被(bei)(bei)大(da)氣(qi)(qi)層(ceng)吸(xi)收，其余的(de)(de)到達地(di)球(qiu)表面，其功(gong)率(lv)為800000億kW，也就是說太(tai)陽(yang)每秒鐘(zhong)照(zhao)射到地(di)球(qiu)上(shang)的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)就相當于(yu)燃燒500萬噸煤釋放的(de)(de)熱量(liang)(liang)(liang)。廣義上(shang)的(de)(de)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)是地(di)球(qiu)上(shang)許多(duo)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)來源，如風能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，化(hua)學(xue)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)，水的(de)(de)勢能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等(deng)等(deng)。狹義的(de)(de)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)則限于(yu)太(tai)陽(yang)輻(fu)射能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)光熱、光電和光化(hua)學(xue)的(de)(de)直接轉換。

人類對太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)著悠久的(de)(de)歷史。我國(guo)早在兩千多年前的(de)(de)戰國(guo)時期(qi)，就知道利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼制四面鏡聚焦太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)光(guang)(guang)來點火；利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)來干燥農副產(chan)品。發(fa)展(zhan)到現(xian)代，太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)已日益廣泛，它包括太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)熱(re)利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)電利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)和太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)化學利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)等(deng)。太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)被動式(shi)(shi)利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)（光(guang)(guang)熱(re)轉換）和光(guang)(guang)電轉換兩種方式(shi)(shi)。太(tai)陽(yang)(yang)能(neng)(neng)(neng)發(fa)電一種新興的(de)(de)可(ke)再生能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)利(li)(li)(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方式(shi)(shi)。

使用(yong)(yong)太(tai)陽(yang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，通過光電(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)換(huan)把太(tai)陽(yang)光中包(bao)含的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)轉(zhuan)化為電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)，使用(yong)(yong)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)熱(re)水器，利(li)用(yong)(yong)太(tai)陽(yang)光的(de)(de)熱(re)量(liang)加熱(re)水，并利(li)用(yong)(yong)熱(re)水發(fa)電(dian)(dian)，利(li)用(yong)(yong)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)進(jin)行(xing)海水淡化。現在，太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)利(li)用(yong)(yong)還(huan)不很(hen)普及，利(li)用(yong)(yong)太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)(neng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)還(huan)存在成(cheng)本高、轉(zhuan)換(huan)效率低的(de)(de)問題，但是太(tai)陽(yang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在為人(ren)造衛星提(ti)供能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)方面得(de)到了應用(yong)(yong)。